Meanwhile, extracellular ATP, when released from traumatized cells or leaking mitochondria, binds purinergic P2X7 receptors on macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to K + efflux and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, causing maturation of IL-1 and IL-18 (40)
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
Emerging evidence suggests that microglia, as key neuroimmune modulators within the CNS, influence the incidence and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, through mechanisms potentially linked to altered autonomic nervous system activity (Wang M
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