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Animal models, such as prenatal VPA exposure, replicate human symptoms and allow mechanistic studies (Schneider and Przewocki 2005

Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired

Modulation of the permeability transition pore Studies have reported that mitochondria permeabilize due to the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, a pathophysiological event that, under favorable conditions, causes an increase in permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane and leads to mitochondrial depolarization, swelling, and the activation of the apoptotic and necrotic pathways 43

The standard curve was prepared with serum bovine albumin (BSA Sigma, A7030) as a standard