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Caveolin-1 is an integral membrane protein, enriched in lipid rafts, that is expressed on endothelial cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells
HUVECs were prepared and cultured as previously reported 43
The binding of prorenin to PRR triggers the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), which is demonstrated to be an ANG II-independent mechanism involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy ( The ANGIV/AT4/IRAP cascade: ANG IV (derived from the metabolization of ANG II through aminopeptidases A and N) binds the AT4 receptor, which has been identified as the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), but the role of this pathway in the blood pressure and renal regulation is still uncertain ( These new axes have raised great interest because their targeting could provide novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney diseases
These pathway-level variants do not predict response to any compound
